Pasteurization Calculator

Calculate optimal pasteurization times and water volumes for your mushroom substrate. Ensure proper treatment to eliminate competitors while preserving beneficial microbes.

Substrate Details

Weight of dry substrate material

Different materials need different treatment durations

Pasteurization Method

Hot water is most common for home growers

Recommended: 160-170°F for pasteurization

Understanding Substrate Pasteurization

What is Pasteurization?

Pasteurization uses heat to reduce competitor organisms in substrate without full sterilization. This selective process eliminates most harmful contaminants while preserving beneficial microbes that can help mushroom mycelium thrive. Unlike sterilization which kills everything, pasteurization creates a selective environment.

Why Temperature Matters

The ideal pasteurization range is 160-170°F (71-77°C). This temperature is critical:

  • Below 160°F: Insufficient to kill harmful organisms
  • 160-170°F: Optimal pasteurization zone
  • Above 180°F: Kills beneficial microbes
  • Above 200°F: Can damage substrate structure

Pasteurization Methods

Choose the method that works best for your setup:

Hot Water Bath

Most popular. Use cooler or pot. Easy temperature control. 60-90 min.

Steam Pasteurization

Uses steam in enclosed space. Efficient for large batches.

Cold Lime Bath

pH-based treatment. No heat needed. 12-16 hour soak.

Hot Water Method Steps

  1. Pre-soak substrate - Soak in cold water for 2-4 hours
  2. Heat water - Bring to 170-180°F in large pot
  3. Submerge substrate - Place in mesh bag in hot water
  4. Monitor temperature - Maintain 160-170°F throughout
  5. Transfer to cooler - Move to insulated container
  6. Cool slowly - Let sit overnight
  7. Spawn when cool - Wait until ≤75°F

Substrate Duration Guide

  • Coco coir: 60 minutes (low risk)
  • Straw: 75-90 minutes (moderate risk)
  • Hardwood sawdust: 75-90 minutes
  • Manure/Hay: 90-120 minutes (high risk)
  • Compost: 90-120 minutes (variable)

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I pasteurize in a cooler?

Yes! A cooler works great. Heat water to 170-180°F, pour over substrate in the cooler, close lid, and let sit for 60-90 minutes. The insulation maintains temperature perfectly. This is the most popular home pasteurization method.

How do I know when substrate is cool enough?

Use a thermometer! Substrate must cool to 75°F (24°C) or lower before adding spawn. Spawning into hot substrate will kill your mycelium. Most growers pasteurize in the evening and spawn the next morning after overnight cooling.

Is pasteurization the same as sterilization?

No! Pasteurization uses lower temperatures (160-170°F) to reduce contaminants while preserving beneficial microbes. Sterilization uses pressure and 250°F+ temperatures to kill ALL organisms. Most bulk substrates only need pasteurization.

Can I reuse contaminated substrate?

No, never reuse contaminated substrate. It's best to compost it and start fresh. Trying to re-pasteurize contaminated substrate rarely works and risks spreading contamination to your growing area.

Do I need to pasteurize coco coir?

Technically no, coco coir is naturally low in nutrients and resistant to contaminants. However, a quick 60-minute pasteurization provides extra insurance and is recommended, especially for beginners.

What if my temperature drops during pasteurization?

If temperature drops below 160°F, restart your timer. The substrate needs to maintain 160°F+ for the full duration. Using an insulated cooler helps prevent temperature drops.

What's the shelf life of prepared substrate?

Pasteurized substrate should be used within 24-48 hours. After that, beneficial microbes begin to multiply and contamination risk increases. Always spawn substrate when it's at room temperature and freshly prepared.

Related Calculators

Field Capacity

Calculate exact water amounts for perfect substrate moisture

Calculate

Grain Spawn Ratio

Determine ideal spawn-to-substrate ratios

Calculate

Monotub Design

Design your monotub with perfect airflow

Calculate