Substrate Ratio Calculator

Calculate the perfect ratio of coco coir, vermiculite, gypsum, and grain spawn for optimal substrate composition. Get exact measurements for your monotub or growing container in seconds.

Container Dimensions

Measure the inside length of your growing container

Measure the inside width of your growing container

Typical depth is 3-4 inches for optimal colonization

Substrate Recipe (CVG Ratio)

Standard ratio uses 2 parts coir

Standard ratio uses 2 parts vermiculite

Standard ratio uses 1 part gypsum

Recommended: 20-30% for optimal colonization speed

Understanding Substrate Ratios

What is CVG Substrate?

CVG stands for Coco Coir, Vermiculite, and Gypsum - the three primary ingredients in one of the most popular bulk substrates for mushroom cultivation. This substrate mix is particularly effective for growing oyster mushrooms, lion's mane, and many other gourmet varieties.

Why These Ratios Matter

The 2:2:1 ratio (coir:vermiculite:gypsum) has been proven through years of cultivation experience to provide:

  • Optimal water retention - Coir holds moisture while vermiculite provides structure
  • Proper pH buffering - Gypsum helps maintain ideal pH levels (6.5-7.5)
  • Good air exchange - Vermiculite creates air pockets for mycelial respiration
  • Calcium supplementation - Gypsum provides calcium for cell wall development

Understanding Spawn Rate

Your spawn rate determines how quickly your substrate will colonize:

10-15% (Conservative)

Slower colonization (14-21 days), higher contamination risk, lower cost

20-30% (Recommended)

Optimal balance of speed (7-14 days), contamination resistance, and cost-effectiveness

35-50% (Aggressive)

Fastest colonization (5-10 days), lowest contamination risk, highest cost

Step-by-Step Mixing Instructions

  1. Hydrate your coir brick - Add boiling water and let cool to room temperature
  2. Break apart coir - Fluff it thoroughly to remove clumps
  3. Mix dry ingredients - Combine measured coir, vermiculite, and gypsum
  4. Check field capacity - Squeeze handful; 2-3 drops should fall
  5. Pasteurize if needed - Heat to 160-170°F for 90 minutes (optional but recommended)
  6. Cool completely - Substrate must reach room temperature before spawning
  7. Mix in spawn - Thoroughly blend grain spawn into cooled substrate
  8. Pack into container - Fill to calculated depth and smooth surface

Common Substrate Variations

While the 2:2:1 ratio is standard, you can adjust based on your specific needs:

  • Higher humidity needs - Increase coir ratio to 3:2:1
  • Better drainage - Increase vermiculite to 2:3:1
  • pH issues - Increase gypsum to 2:2:1.5
  • Budget-conscious - Reduce vermiculite or eliminate for coir-only mix

Frequently Asked Questions

What if I don't have vermiculite?

You can create a coir-only substrate or substitute with peat moss. Vermiculite adds structure and drainage, but many growers successfully use 100% coir. You may need to adjust water content slightly.

Can I use garden gypsum instead of agricultural gypsum?

Yes, both work well. Agricultural gypsum (calcium sulfate) is preferred for purity, but garden gypsum is acceptable. Avoid gypsum with additives or colored varieties.

How much water should I add to reach field capacity?

Coco coir typically requires 5-6 times its dry weight in water. The calculator provides base measurements, but always perform the squeeze test: a properly hydrated substrate releases 2-3 drops when firmly squeezed.

Is pasteurization necessary for CVG substrate?

While not absolutely required, pasteurization significantly reduces contamination risk. Heat your mixed substrate to 160-170°F for 90 minutes. Many successful growers skip this step with clean technique, but beginners should pasteurize.

Why is my substrate taking longer than expected to colonize?

Slow colonization can result from: low spawn rate (<20%), low temperature (<70°F), poor spawn quality, over-hydrated substrate, or contamination. Check temperature first and ensure your spawn rate is at least 20-25%.

Can I reuse substrate for multiple flushes?

Yes! A healthy substrate typically produces 2-4 flushes. Between flushes, remove old mushroom stumps, soak the substrate for 12-24 hours (dunking), and return to fruiting conditions. Quality decreases with each flush.

What's the shelf life of prepared substrate?

Pasteurized substrate should be used within 24-48 hours. After that, beneficial microbes begin to multiply and contamination risk increases. Always spawn substrate when it's at room temperature and freshly prepared.

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